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This article provides several key contributions to the nascent gamification research literature. First, it explores the relationship between gamification and serious games in an effort to consolidate both literatures. Both examine the same game elements and their influence on learning. Both are intended to ultimately affect the same criteria: learning and related outcomes. However, they differ in that serious games are typically designed to fulfill the role of instructor by actually providing instructional content to learners, whereas gamification is designed to augment or support pre-existing instructional content.